Rikici tsakanin al'ummomin Meitei da Kuki mafi rinjaye ya yi sanadin mutuwar mutane sama da 100 wasu fiye da 400 sun jikkata.

makon jiya, wani Laftanar-Janar a rundunar sojan Indiya (mai ritaya) ya koka da halin da ake ciki a jiharsa ta Manipur, wadda ke fama da tashe-tashen hankula a arewa maso gabashin ƙasar.

L Nishikanta Singh ya wallafa a shafinsa na Twitter cewa "Yanzu babu doka a jihar."

"A kowanne lokaci, kowa zai iya lalata dukiya da kashe rayuka kamar a Libya ko Lebanon ko Najeriya ko Siriya da sauransu.''

Kusan watanni biyu bayan tashe-tashen hankulan ƙabilanci, Manipur na tangaɗi irin wanda mutane da yawa ke ganin gaf ake da ɓarkewar yaƙin basasa.

Rikici tsakanin al'ummomin Meitei da Kuki, mafi rinjaye ya yi sanadin mutuwar mutane sama da 100 tare da jikkata fiye da 400.

Kusan mutane 60,000 ne suka rasa matsugunansu, inda suka nemi mafaka a wasu sansanoni 350.

Jami'an tsaro kimanin 40,000 - sojoji da 'yan sanda da sauran masu kayan sarki - na fafutukar ganin sun daƙile tashin hankalin.

Kashi ɗaya kawai cikin huɗu aka mayar daga makamai sama da 4,000 da ’yan daba suka wawashe a rumbun ajiyar makaman ‘yan sanda tun lokacin da aka fara tashin hankalin.

Rashin yarda da juna ya yi ƙamari a tsakanin al'ummomin da ke rikici, inda duk ɓangarorin biyu ke zargin jami'an tsaro da nuna ɓangaranci.

Sama da majami'u 200 da gidajen ibada 17 ne wasu gungun mutane suka lalata. An kuma kai hare-hare tare da ƙona gidajen wasu ministoci da ‘yan majalisa.

Kusan mutane 60,000 ne suka rasa matsugunansu inda suka nemi mafaka a wasu sansanoni 350

An kassara harkokin rayuwa: yayin da dokar hana yawon dare ke ci gaba da aiki a mafi yawan gundumomin jihar 16; An rufe makarantu kuma an katse intanet.

Masu zanga-zanga sun datse wata babbar hanyar jigilar kayayyaki. Ana samun kashe-kashe da ƙone-ƙone a wurare, nan da can.

Ƙudurin da gwamnatin tarayya ta gabatar ga wani kwamitin tabbatar zaman lafiya don sasanta rikicin bai samu karɓuwar da ake bukata ba.

"Wannan shi ne lokaci mafi muni a tarihin Manipur," in ji Binalakshmi Nepram ta ƙungiyar mata masu neman zaman lafiya a Arewa maso Gabashin Indiya.

"A cikin kwanaki biyu (lokacin da tashin hankali ya fara), an ƙona gidaje kuma an yi wa mutane rubdugu, an ƙona su, wasu kuma an azabtar da su. Manipur ba ta taba ganin irin wannan tashin hankali ba a tarihi."

Jiha takwas a yankin arewa maso gabashin Indiya da ke fuskntar tashin hankali na da yawan mutane kusan miliyan 45 a tsakanin ƙabilu fiye da 400.

An kwashe tsawon shekaru, ana ƙoƙarin gudanar da tattaunawar zaman lafiya fiye da goma tsakanin al'ummomin yankin. Kasancewarta a kan iyaka da Myanmar, Manipur ba baƙuwar ganin faɗan ƙabilanci ba ce.

Da ƙabila 33, jihar tana da bambance-bambance - kuma tana da rarrabuwar kawuna.

Jihar ta kasance gida ga wasu ƙungiyoyin 'yan tawaye 40. 'Yan tawayen Meitei da Naga da Kuki sun daɗe suna ta-da-ƙayar-baya.

Suna kuma kai hare-hare a kan jami'an tsaron Indiya, don nuna adawa da dokokin yaƙi da ta'addanci kamar Dokar Sojoji ta Musamman (AFSPA), wadda ke bai wa jami'an tsaro ikon gudanar da bincike da kuma ƙwace dukiya.

Mayakan Meitei da Naga da na Kuki sun sha artabu da juna saboda rashin jituwa.

An tura jami'an tsaro 40,000 - da suka haɗar da sojoji da 'yan sanda, 'don kwantar da tarzoma.

'Yan ƙabilar Meitei masu rinjaye a jihar su ne ke da fiye da rabin adadin al'ummar Manipur miliyan 3.3.

Kashi 43% na mutanen kuma, 'yan ƙabilar Kuki ne da Nagas, manyan al'ummomi biyu, da ke zaune a tsaunuka.

Yawancin 'yan Meitei mabiya addinin Hindu ne, yayin da mafi yawan 'yan ƙabilar Kuki ke bin addinin Kiristanci.

Rikicin ƙabilanci da na addini a baya cikin Manipur ya yi sanadin mutuwar ɗaruruwan mutane. "A wannan karon, rikicin ya samo asali ne daga ƙabilanci, ba addini ba," in ji Dhiren A Sadokpam, editan jaridar The Frontier Manipur.

Babban tashin hankalin na watan Mayu ya samo asali ne saboda taƙaddama game da wani matakin share hawaye: 'Yan Kuki na nuna rashin amincewa da bukatar neman ɗaukaka matsayin ƙabilar Meitei.

Sai dai wannan ba shi ne gaba ɗaya babban dalilin da ya haddasa gagarumin tashin hankalin da ya dabaibaye Manipur ba.

Rikicin da ke kunno kai a yankin ne saboda ɗumbin dalilai masu sarƙaƙiya, da suka haɗar da ta-da-ƙayar baya da aka daɗe ana fama da shi, da yaƙin da ake yi da miyagun ƙwayoyi a baya-bayan nan, da kwararar baƙin haure daga Myanmar mai fama da rikici ta kan iyakokin ƙasa da ke buɗe,.

Akwai kuma matsin lamba a kan mallakar filaye, da rashin ayyukan yi, wanda ke ingiza matasa shiga ƙungiyoyin ta-da-ƙayar-baya.

Wani abin da ke ƙara janyo taɓarɓarewar lamarin, in ji masana, shi ne zargin haɗa baki tsakanin ‘yan siyasa da masu fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi tsawon shakaru da dama, da kuma alaƙa tsakanin ‘yan siyasa da ‘yan bindiga.

Abin da ya rage na gidan wani minista na Manipur da aka kona a ranar 15 ga watan Yuni

Gwamnatin Manipur ƙarƙashin mulkin jam'iyyar Bharatiya Janata (BJP), bisa jagorancin babban minista, N Biren Singh, ɗan kabilar Meitei, ta ƙaddamar da yaƙi mai cike da taƙaddama a kan "fataucin ƙwaya".

Tun daga 2017, gwamnati ta yi iƙirarin lalata kadada fiye da 7000 na gonakin tsirran poppy, da ake sarrafa ƙwaya da su.

Yawancin gonakin suna yankunan da 'yan ƙabilar Kuki ke da rinjaye. (Manipur ta yi fama da rikicin shan miyagun ƙwayoyi kuma tana cikin jihohi hudu na arewa maso gabashin Indiya da ke da iyaka da Myanmar, ƙasa ta biyu mafi girma a duniya da ke samar da ganyen opium.)

Da alama, yaƙin da Mista Singh ya ɗaura, ya ƙara tsananta rarrabuwar kai tsakanin wani ɓangare na ƙabilar Kuki da gwamnati.

Ya yi gargadin cewa ƙauyukan da ke nomar tsiron poppy - galibinsu inda 'yan ƙabilar Kuki ke zaune ne- kuma za a cire su daga samun fa'idodin kyautata rayuwa daga gwamnati.

A cikin watan Maris, ya shaida wa wata tashar labarai cewa gwamnatinsa ta auka wa "wasu 'yan Kuki da ke yin mamaya a ko'ina, ciki har da dazuka masu kariya, da keɓaɓɓun dazuka, suna noma ganyen poppy da kuma cinikin ƙwaya".

A wannan watan, 'yan Kuki sun gudanar da zanga-zangar nuna adawa da abin da suka kira "yaƙin ɓangaranci" na gwamnatin BJP a cikin yankunan tsaunuka.

Gwamnatin Mr Singh ta zargi ƙungiyoyin 'yan ta-daƙayar-baya na Kuki da tunzura jama'a.

Haka kuma akwai matsin lamba mai yawa a kan mallakar filaye a Manipur - kusan kashi 60% na yawan jama'a suna rayuwa ne a kashi 10% na ƙasar jihar Imphal wanda ke yankunan kwari.

'Yan kabilar Meitei na jin haushin cewa ba a yarda su, da sauran mutanen da ba ƙabilu na musamman ba, su sayi filaye ko kuma su zauna a gundumomi masu tsaunuka.

Har ila yau, suna son hana shiga ba tare da ƙaidi ba ga "'yan waje" - wato 'yan kama-wuri-zauna daga ƙasashe makwabta kamar Bangladesh da Myanmar - waɗanda suka yi imanin cewa yawansu ya yi matuƙar ƙaruwa a shekarun baya-baya nan.

Al'adar ƙabilar Kuki ta yin ƙaura a faɗin maka-makan yankuna - inda kuma babban ɗan sarki yake gaje duka filaye - ya sanya wasu mazan dangi tafiya suna kafa sabbin ƙauyuka tare da ƙara buƙatar filaye.

Misis Nepram ta ce "Wannan rashin yardar tsakanin mutane a mayar da shi tamkar makami."

"Maimakon a kawo ƙarshen rikicin, sai hukumomin Delhi suka miƙa wa ƙananan ƙabilu makamai tare da horar da su [don yaƙi da masu ta-da-ƙayar-baya] tsawon shekaru da dama, da kuma masu harkar fasa-ƙwaurin bindigogi, da ƙwaya da kuma safarar mutane."

Al'ummar Meitei sun yi zanga-zangar nuna adawa da noman poppy a yankunan Kuki

Kuma ba shi ke nan ba.

Akwai taƙaddama game da tsaunuka biyu a cikin jihar, ƙabilun Meitei da Kuki kowacce na iƙirarin mallakarsu.

Meite suna ɗaukar tsaunukan a matsayin wuri mai tsarki, yayin da 'yan Kuki ke ganin ƙasar da ke ƙasan tsaunuka a matsayin filayen kakanninsu da ke fuskantar kutse.

Bhagat Oinam na Jami'ar Jawaharlal Nehru ya ce "A cikin shekara biyar da ta wuce, zaman gaba da jin haushin juna sun ƙaru tsakanin al'ummomin biyu, Ta wani ɓangare, abin na da alaƙa da addinin 'yan asalin wuri da kuma al'adu, ta wani ɓangaren akwai batun cin iyaka," in ji Bhagat Oinam na Jami'ar Jawaharlal Nehru.

An soki Firaminista Narendra Modi da ƙoƙarin yin shiru a kan tashin hankalin.

Yawancin ministocin da 'yan majalisar jam'iyyar BJP mai mulki sun hallara a Delhi, babban birnin ƙasar, don tsara dabarun shawo kan lamarin.

'Yan Kuki sun buƙaci gwamnatin Delhi ta gudanar da mulkin yankin kai-tsaye, kuma ta nemi a kafa wata gwamnati ta daban ga al'ummar, buƙatar da ka iya sanya ƙabilar Nagas a wani hali, wanda kuma zai iya sanyawa su ma su buƙaci irin wannan tsarin.

"A bari mu zauna lafiya a ƙasarmu tare da mutanenmu. Mu mulki kanmu. Bayan abin da ya faru, ta haka muke ganin za a samu zauna lafiya," in ji Mary Haokip ta ƙungiyar shugabannin ƙabilun asalin yankin, wadda kuma 'yar ƙabilar Kuki ce.

Goma a cikin 'yan majalisar dokokin Manipur da aka zaɓa su 60, sun fito ne daga ƙabilar Kuki, haka ma uku cikin mambobin majalisar ministocin Mista Singh mai mutum 10.

"Akwai wata alaƙa ta siyasa da gudanarwa a tsakanin al'ummomin biyu.

Duk da haka, da alama rashin jituwar da ke tsakanin su, na ƙara haddasa rarrabuwa a tsakaninsu," in ji Kaybie Chongloi, wani ɗan jarida mutumin ƙabilar Kuki.

Rashin yardar ya haifar da rarrabuwar kawuna, wanda ya sa ‘yan majalisa da ministocin jam’iyya mai mulki, masu wakiltar al’ummomin biyu, suka kasa samun matsaya ɗaya.

"Wannan ba wai yaƙin basasa kawai ba ne, yaƙi ne har a cikin gwamnati," in ji Alex Jamkothang, wani mazaunin ƙauyen Kuki da ya rasa ɗan'uwansa a tashin hankalin, ya faɗa a wata hira da BBC Hindi.

Yan kabilar Kuki masu zanga-zanga sun bukaci a ware wani yanki na daban ga al'ummar.

Ba da 'yancin cin gashin kai ga kungiyoyin kabilu na iya zama wata hanya ta kwantar da tarzoma, in ji Subir Bhaumik, marubucin Insurgent Crossfire: North-East India. Ya ba da misali da jihar Tripura da ke arewa maso gabashin kasar inda kashi uku na al’ummar kasar tabbatatun kabilu ne na musamman kuma cikin hadin gwiwa suke gudanar da kashi biyu cikin uku na fadin jihar ta hanyar majalisar wakilai mai cin gashin kanta.

Wasu kamar Ms Nepram suna bukatar a kafa kwamitin gaskiya da sasantawa, gami da tsarin biyan diyya na gidajen da aka kona da kuma asarar rayuka sa aka samu a rikicin. Har ila yau wasu na fargabar cewa rikicin Manipur zai iya rikidewa zuwa yakin basasa idan ba a yi wani gagarumin shiri na "tattaunawa tsakanin addinai da kabilu ba". "Babu wani abu irin wannan da ake yunkurin yi a halin yanzu," in ji Mista Bhaumik.

Tabbas, zaman lafiya a Manipur ya dade a matsayin abu mai wahala. Akasarin zaman lafiyan da aka samu a shekarun baya-bayan nan ba na Allah da annabi ba ne, in ji Mista Sadokpam. "Abu ne da muke kira zaman lafiya da aka tursasa a yankin da ke da tarin makamai." A halin yanzu, babu alamun samun sauki cikin lamarin, yayin da dukkan bangarorin biyu ke ci gaba shirin dadewa ana ce-ce ku-ce . Mutane na tunawa da fada tsakanin kabilun Nagas da Kuki a farkon shekarun 1990 wanda ya dauki tsawon shekara daya kafin ya yi sauki.

"Bana tunanin cewa wannan zai yi sauki nan ba da jimawa ba. Hakan zai ci gaba har sai bangarorin biyu sun gaji - ko kuma wani bangare ya samu rinjaye," in ji wani babban jami'in gwamnati a Imphal, wanda ya ki a bayyana sunansa. "Wannan zai zama dogon tafiya."

BBC